/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     |
    \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
     \\/     M anipulation  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Copyright (C) 2013-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
    This file is part of OpenFOAM.

    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
    for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Class
    Foam::CV2D

Description
    Conformal-Voronoi 2D automatic mesher with grid or read initial points
    and point position relaxation with optional "squarification".

    There are a substantial number of options to this mesher read from
    CV2DMesherDict file e.g.:

    // Min cell size used in tolerances when inserting points for
    // boundary conforming.
    // Also used to as the grid spacing using in insertGrid.
    minCellSize  0.05;

    // Feature angle used to insert feature points
    // 0 = all features, 180 = no features
    featureAngle 45;

    // Maximum quadrant angle allowed at a concave corner before
    // additional "mitering" lines are added
    maxQuadAngle 110;

    // Should the mesh be square-dominated or of unbiased hexagons
    squares      yes;

    // Near-wall region where cells are aligned with the wall specified as a
    // number of cell layers
    nearWallAlignedDist 3;

    // Chose if the cell orientation should relax during the iterations
    //  or remain fixed to the x-y directions
    relaxOrientation    no;

    // Insert near-boundary point mirror or point-pairs
    insertSurfaceNearestPointPairs yes;

    // Mirror near-boundary points rather than insert point-pairs
    mirrorPoints   no;

    // Insert point-pairs vor dual-cell vertices very near the surface
    insertSurfaceNearPointPairs yes;

    // Choose if to randomise the initial grid created by insertGrid.
    randomiseInitialGrid yes;

    // Perturbation fraction, 1 = cell-size.
    randomPurturbation   0.1;

    // Number of relaxation iterations.
    nIterations      5;

    // Relaxation factor at the start of the iteration sequence.
    // 0.5 is a sensible maximum and < 0.2 converges better.
    relaxationFactorStart 0.8;

    // Relaxation factor at the end of the iteration sequence.
    // Should be <= relaxationFactorStart
    relaxationFactorEnd   0;

    writeInitialTriangulation no;
    writeFeatureTriangulation no;
    writeNearestTriangulation no;
    writeInsertedPointPairs   no;
    writeFinalTriangulation   yes;

    // Maximum number of iterations used in boundaryConform.
    maxBoundaryConformingIter 5;

    minEdgeLenCoeff           0.5;
    maxNotchLenCoeff          0.3;
    minNearPointDistCoeff     0.25;
    ppDistCoeff               0.05;

SourceFiles
    CGALTriangulation2Ddefs.H
    indexedVertex.H
    indexedFace.H
    CV2DI.H
    CV2D.C
    CV2DIO.C
    tolerances.C
    controls.C
    insertFeaturePoints.C
    insertSurfaceNearestPointPairs.C
    insertSurfaceNearPointPairs.C
    insertBoundaryConformPointPairs.C

\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef CV2D_H
#define CV2D_H

#define CGAL_INEXACT
#define CGAL_HIERARCHY

#include "CGALTriangulation2Ddefs.H"
#include "Time.H"
#include "point2DFieldFwd.H"
#include "dictionary.H"
#include "Switch.H"
#include "bitSet.H"
#include "edgeHashes.H"
#include "cv2DControls.H"
#include "tolerances.H"
#include "meshTools.H"
#include "triSurface.H"
#include "searchableSurfaces.H"
#include "conformationSurfaces.H"
#include "relaxationModel.H"
#include "cellSizeAndAlignmentControls.H"

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

namespace Foam
{

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
                           Class CV2D Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

class CV2D
:
    public Delaunay
{

private:

    // Private data

        //- The time registry of the application
        const Time& runTime_;

        mutable Random rndGen_;

        //- The surface to mesh
        //const querySurface& qSurf_;
        //- All geometry of the meshing process, including surfaces to be
        //  conformed to and those to be used for refinement
        searchableSurfaces allGeometry_;

        conformationSurfaces qSurf_;

        //- Meshing controls
        cv2DControls controls_;

        //- The cell size control object
        cellSizeAndAlignmentControls cellSizeControl_;

        //- Relaxation coefficient model.  Runtime selectable.
        autoPtr<relaxationModel> relaxationModel_;

        //- z-level
        scalar z_;

        //- Keep track of the start of the internal points
        label startOfInternalPoints_;

        //- Keep track of the start of the surface point-pairs
        label startOfSurfacePointPairs_;

        //- Keep track of the boundary conform point-pairs
        //  stored after the insertion of the surface point-pairs in case
        //  the boundary conform function is called more than once without
        //  removing and inserting the surface point-pairs
        label startOfBoundaryConformPointPairs_;

        //- Store the feature points
        std::list<Vb> featurePoints_;

        //- Temporary storage for a dual-cell
        static const label maxNvert = 20;
        mutable point2D vertices[maxNvert+1];
        mutable vector2D edges[maxNvert+1];


    // Private Member Functions

        //- No copy construct
        CV2D(const CV2D&) = delete;

        //- No copy assignment
        void operator=(const CV2D&) = delete;


        //- Insert point and return it's index
        inline label insertPoint
        (
            const point2D& pt,
            const label type
        );

        //- Insert point and return it's index
        inline label insertPoint
        (
            const point2D& pt,
            const label index,
            const label type
        );

        inline label insertPoint
        (
            const Point& p,
            const label index,
            const label type
        );

        inline bool insertMirrorPoint
        (
            const point2D& nearSurfPt,
            const point2D& surfPt
        );

        //- Insert a point-pair at a distance ppDist either side of
        //  surface point point surfPt in the direction n
        inline void insertPointPair
        (
            const scalar mirrorDist,
            const point2D& surfPt,
            const vector2D& n
        );

        //- Create the initial mesh from the bounding-box
        void insertBoundingBox();

        //- Check if a point is within a line.
        bool on2DLine(const point2D& p, const linePointRef& line);

        //- Insert point groups at the feature points.
        void insertFeaturePoints();

        //- Re-insert point groups at the feature points.
        void reinsertFeaturePoints();

        //- Insert point-pairs at the given set of points using the surface
        //  normals corresponding to the given set of surface triangles
        //  and write the inserted point locations to the given file.
        void insertPointPairs
        (
            const UList<point2D>& nearSurfacePoints,
            const UList<point2D>& surfacePoints,
            const labelUList& surfaceTris,
            const labelUList& surfaceHits,
            const fileName fName
        );

        //- Check to see if dual cell specified by given vertex iterator
        //  intersects the boundary and hence requires a point-pair.
        bool dualCellSurfaceIntersection
        (
            const Triangulation::Finite_vertices_iterator& vit
        ) const;

        //- Insert point-pairs at the nearest points on the surface to the
        //  control vertex of dual-cells which intersect the boundary in order
        //  to provide a boundary-layer mesh.
        //  NB: This is not guaranteed to close the boundary
        void insertSurfaceNearestPointPairs();

        //- Insert point-pairs at small dual-cell edges on the surface in order
        //  to improve the boundary-layer mesh generated by
        //  insertSurfaceNearestPointPairs.
        void insertSurfaceNearPointPairs();

        //- Insert point-pair and correcting the Finite_vertices_iterator
        //  to account for the additional vertices
        void insertPointPair
        (
            Triangulation::Finite_vertices_iterator& vit,
            const point2D& p,
            const label trii,
            const label hitSurface
        );

        //- Insert point-pair at the best intersection point between the lines
        //  from the dual-cell real centroid and it's vertices and the surface.
        bool insertPointPairAtIntersection
        (
            Triangulation::Finite_vertices_iterator& vit,
            const point2D& defVert,
            const point2D vertices[],
            const scalar maxProtSize
        );

        //- Insert point-pairs corresponding to dual-cells which intersect
        //  the boundary surface
        label insertBoundaryConformPointPairs(const fileName& fName);

        void markNearBoundaryPoints();

        //- Restore the Delaunay constraint
        void fast_restore_Delaunay(Vertex_handle vh);

        // Flip operations used by fast_restore_Delaunay
        void external_flip(Face_handle& f, int i);
        bool internal_flip(Face_handle& f, int i);

        //- Write all the faces and all the triangles at a particular stage.
        void write(const word& stage) const;


public:

    //- Runtime type information
    ClassName("CV2D");


    // Constructors

        //- Construct for given surface
        CV2D(const Time& runTime, const dictionary& controlDict);


    //- Destructor
    ~CV2D();


    // Member Functions

        // Access

            inline const cv2DControls& meshControls() const;


        // Conversion functions between point2D, point and Point

            inline const point2D& toPoint2D(const Foam::point&) const;
            inline const point2DField toPoint2D(const pointField&) const;
            inline Foam::point toPoint3D(const point2D&) const;

            #ifdef CGAL_INEXACT
                typedef const point2D& point2DFromPoint;
                typedef const Point& PointFromPoint2D;
            #else
                typedef point2D point2DFromPoint;
                typedef Point PointFromPoint2D;
            #endif

            inline point2DFromPoint toPoint2D(const Point&) const;
            inline PointFromPoint2D toPoint(const point2D&) const;
            inline Foam::point toPoint3D(const Point&) const;


        // Point insertion

            //- Create the initial mesh from the given internal points.
            //  Points must be inside the boundary by at least nearness
            //  otherwise they are ignored.
            void insertPoints
            (
                const point2DField& points,
                const scalar nearness
            );

            //- Create the initial mesh from the internal points in the given
            //  file.  Points outside the geometry are ignored.
            void insertPoints(const fileName& pointFileName);

            //- Create the initial mesh as a regular grid of points.
            //  Points outside the geometry are ignored.
            void insertGrid();

            //- Insert all surface point-pairs from
            //  insertSurfaceNearestPointPairs and
            //  findIntersectionForOutsideCentroid
            void insertSurfacePointPairs();

            //- Insert point-pairs where there are protrusions into
            //  or out of the surface
            void boundaryConform();


        // Point removal

            //- Remove the point-pairs introduced by insertSurfacePointPairs
            //  and boundaryConform
            void removeSurfacePointPairs();


        // Point motion

            inline void movePoint(const Vertex_handle& vh, const Point& P);

            //- Move the internal points to the given new locations and update
            //  the triangulation to ensure it is Delaunay
            // void moveInternalPoints(const point2DField& newPoints);

            //- Calculate the displacements to create the new points
            void newPoints();

            //- Extract patch names and sizes.
            void extractPatches
            (
                wordList& patchNames,
                labelList& patchSizes,
                EdgeMap<label>& mapEdgesRegion,
                EdgeMap<label>& indirectPatchEdge
            ) const;


        // Write

            //- Write internal points to .obj file
            void writePoints(const fileName& fName, bool internalOnly) const;

            //- Write triangles as .obj file
            void writeTriangles(const fileName& fName, bool internalOnly) const;

            //- Write dual faces as .obj file
            void writeFaces(const fileName& fName, bool internalOnly) const;

            //- Calculates dual points (circumcentres of tets) and faces
            //  (point-cell walk of tets).
            //  Returns:
            //  - dualPoints (in triangle ordering)
            //  - dualFaces (compacted)
            void calcDual
            (
                point2DField& dualPoints,
                faceList& dualFaces,
                wordList& patchNames,
                labelList& patchSizes,
                EdgeMap<label>& mapEdgesRegion,
                EdgeMap<label>& indirectPatchEdge
            ) const;

            //- Write patch
            void writePatch(const fileName& fName) const;

            void write() const;
};


inline bool boundaryTriangle(const CV2D::Face_handle fc);
inline bool outsideTriangle(const CV2D::Face_handle fc);


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

} // End namespace Foam

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

#include "CV2DI.H"

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

#endif

// ************************************************************************* //